{"id":45384,"date":"2026-10-31T14:08:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T13:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/produkt\/fryderyk-ruhs-a-history-of-the-middle-ages-vol-ii-1839\/"},"modified":"2026-10-31T14:08:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T13:08:46","slug":"fryderyk-ruhs-a-history-of-the-middle-ages-vol-ii-1839","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/produkt\/fryderyk-ruhs-a-history-of-the-middle-ages-vol-ii-1839\/","title":{"rendered":"Fryderyk Ruhs, An Outline of the History of the Middle Ages, Vol. II [1839]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Year of publication: 1839.<\/p>\n<p>Format: 21 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Number of pages: 616.<\/p>\n<p>Binding: Period half-leather.<\/p>\n<p>Fryderyk R\u00fchs (Friedrich R\u00fchs), a professor at the University of Berlin, belonged to the critical school of historians of the early 19th century: he verified every claim against the sources. The second volume of his *Outline of the History of the Middle Ages* (616 pages) covers the Crusades, the conflict between the papacy and the empire, the development of royal and municipal power, and the birth of Scholasticism and the first universities (Bologna, Paris, Oxford). Translated by Jan Leon Sienkiewicz. Published in Vilnius by J\u00f3zef Zawadzki, whose publishing house printed, among other works, the first edition of Mickiewicz\u2019s *Poems* from *Ballads and Romances* and *Gra\u017cyna*.<\/p>\n<p>There are handwritten notes on the endpaper. Period half-leather binding.<\/p>\n<p>An item from the 18th Polish Antiquarian Book Auction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Title: An Outline of the History of the Middle Ages, Vol. II.<br \/>Translated by Jan Leon Sienkiewicz from German.<br \/>Published by J\u00f3zef Zawadzki, Vilnius<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":40836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[4531],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-45384","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-history-and-military","first","instock","sold-individually","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/45384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45384"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=45384"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=45384"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antykwariat-polski.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=45384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}